In the last Friday Face article we looked at a lion carved in walnut on the leg of an English armchair, from c.1725, presently in the Library at Fairfax House. The lion masks, which are carved on all four legs of this particular chair, display a coarseness of detail typical of carving in walnut, which had been the main type of timber used in English furniture construction throughout the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
Just at the time when this armchair was being constructed, however, a change was taking place, with the arrival of mahogany in substantial quantities from the West Indies. Within a relatively few years mahogany had almost entirely supplanted walnut in furniture manufacture. The suitability of mahogany for fine decorative carving was an important factor in ensuring its popularity. The contrast between the coarseness of carving in walnut, with its open graining, and the fine effects which could be achieved when fine-grained mahogany was the medium, are illustrated by a comparison between the lion featured last week and that which provides our Friday Face this week. This lion is also from the cabriole leg of a piece of furniture: a mahogany dressing bureau of c.1735, presently in Anne’s Bedroom at Fairfax House.
The stand and legs of this piece of furniture are richly decorated, with egg and dart moulding where the stand joins the main body of the bureau, shell and leaf decoration and diapered panels on the underframe, and the legs richly carved with lion masks and flowering pendants and ending in ball and claw feet. The lion mask is of an unusual, almost anthropomorphic pattern, and has a delicacy of carving absent from the walnut lion masks on the slightly earlier armchair. Only a decade or so separates these two pieces (and these two lions), but the dressing bureau, demonstrating the changes made possible by the arrival of mahogany in furniture manufacture, marks the beginning of a new age in English cabinet-making.
